PL

Pool Desk

Covers pool and hot tub water chemistry, opening and closing. We maintain the dosing calculators and check every rate against product chemistry and public health guidance.

8 guides · 2 tools · reviewed by the Data & Methodology Desk

Our standards

  • Doses are shown with the formula and the assumptions behind them.
  • We never recommend mixing chemicals; each one goes into water separately.
  • Test-kit accuracy limits are stated next to the result.
  • We re-check guidance before each swimming season.

Sources we rely on most

  • CDC Model Aquatic Health Code
  • Manufacturer chemistry data (sodium chloride, calcium hypochlorite, cyanuric acid)
  • University extension pool and spa guidance

How a guide gets reviewed

  1. 1Research. Pull the source data and extension or agency guidance.
  2. 2Write. Answer first, then the reasons and the steps.
  3. 3Figure check. An editor re-derives every number from its source.
  4. 4Review. The Data & Methodology Desk signs off.
  5. 5Re-review. Scheduled each season; changes go in the change log.

Contributors

Named contributors with verifiable credentials will be listed here. This desk publishes as an organization until then.

Tools this desk maintains

Guides from this desk

Chart of median first frost, hard freeze and 60-degree dates for hot tub winterizing in 18 US cities
Pool & Spa How-to Calculator

How to Winterize a Hot Tub, and When to Keep It Running

Hot tub makers say a tub kept full, heated and covered protects itself from freezing. When to drain and winterize instead, with NOAA freeze dates and winter running costs for 21 US cities.

8 min · Published Oct 12
Photo of two covered hot tubs with blue lids inside a snowy fenced deck during a heavy snowfall
Pool & Spa Guide Calculator

How Much Does It Cost to Run a Hot Tub? The Math by City

The median hot tub certified in California costs about $25 a month to keep hot at the US average electricity price. Standby cost by month for 21 cities from CEC test data, NOAA normals and EIA prices.

10 min · Published Oct 6
Photo of an empty outdoor hotel hot tub with clear water, a handrail and a covered lounge area behind it
Pool & Spa Guide Calculator

Hot Tub Chemical Levels: Chlorine, Bromine and pH Ranges by Source

CDC’s hot tub minimums are at least 3 ppm free chlorine or 4 ppm bromine, pH 7.0–7.8, no stabilizer and water no hotter than 104°F. Three state spa codes and three spa manuals compared, plus testing and refill schedules.

10 min · Published Oct 6
Photo of a backyard pool with clear blue water and a stainless steel water feature pouring in from the coping
Pool & Spa Comparison Calculator

Saltwater vs Chlorine Pool: What Changes and What It Costs

A saltwater pool is a chlorine pool: a salt cell makes the chlorine. Cell electricity and wear per gallon of liquid chlorine replaced, upkeep and corrosion from the manuals, and the stabilizer tablets add in 19 US cities.

10 min · Updated Oct 7
Photo of a backyard in-ground pool with cloudy, bright green algae water that needs a SLAM-level shock
Pool & Spa How-to Calculator

How Much Shock to Add to a Pool: Doses, SLAM and CYA

One label shock dose adds about 5–10 ppm free chlorine. Label doses for liquid chlorine, cal-hypo, dichlor and non-chlorine shock, SLAM levels by stabilizer, and the CYA that weekly dichlor adds by city.

12 min · Updated Oct 7
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